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Valve upgrades the Steam Deck with an OLED screen and more!

Valve Corporation, an American video game developer company, announced Steam Deck back in 2021. It was a Nintendo Switch-like hybrid handheld gaming console that supports Steam games. Now, the company has given their original consoles a few upgrades. In this article, we will delve into what’s new on the Valve Steam Deck OLED, its expected price in Nepal, and so on.

Valve Steam Deck OLED Overview:

Design and Display

The Valve Steam Deck OLED has not deviated from its original design. The design and controls are the same down to the teeth. It comes in a dimension of 298 x 117 x 49 mm and weighs 640 grams. Furthermore, it also features HD haptics with a 6-axis IMU gyroscope.

Valve Steam Deck OLED Design

This new iteration gets its most significant upgrade in terms of the display. As the name implies, it has an OLED touchscreen that measures 7.4” diagonally. This HDR-ready screen has 1,000 nits of peak brightness, a 90Hz refresh rate, and a 110% P3 color gamut.

Performance

The Valve Steam Deck OLED also receives upgrades under the hood. It comes with the AMD APU with the same Zen 2 CPU and 8 RDNA 2 CUs GPU. The CPU and GPU’s maximum clock speed remains the same at 3.5 GHz and 1.6 GHz respectively. However, the new variant is based on a power-efficient 6nm process instead of 7nm.

AMD APU in Valve Steam Deck OLED

Similarly, this handheld also comes with 16GB LPDDR5 RAM on board. This memory is capable of 6400 MT/s, which is an upgrade over the previous 5500 MT/s. Furthermore, the Valve Steam Deck OLED comes with either 512 GB or 1 TB NVMe SSD for storage. It also has a high-speed microSD card slot for further memory expansion. Lastly, it runs on Arch-based SteamOS 3 on the software side of things.

Battery and the rest

Powering the handheld is a bigger 50Wh battery that provides 12 hours of gameplay at most. It is then complemented by PD 3.0 charging up to 45W via a USB Type-C port. This also doubles down as a DisplayPort with up to 8K@60Hz or 4K@120Hz output. The Valve Steam Deck OLED also comes with a 3.5mm earphone jack.

In terms of wireless connectivity, this upgraded variant supports tri-band WiFi 6E and Bluetooth v5.3 with a dedicated Bluetooth antenna. Furthermore, it comes with stereo speakers with embedded DSP and a dual microphone array.

Valve Steam Deck OLED Specifications:

  • Dimensions: 298.00 mm x 117.00 mm x 49.00 mm
  • Weight: 640 grams
  • Display: 7.4” HDR OLED Panel, Touch, 1000 nits peak brightness, >1 million:1 contrast ratio, 110% P3 Colour Gamut, 90Hz refresh rate, <0.1ms response time
  • Resolution: 1,280 x 800
  • Controls: A B X Y buttons, D-pad, L and R analog triggers, L and R bumpers, View and Menu buttons, 4x assignable grip buttons, 2x full-size analog stocks with capacitive touch, 2x 32.50 mm square trackpads
  • Chipset: AMD APU (6nm)
    • CPU: Zen 2 4c/8t, 2.4–3.5GHz (up to 448 GFlops FP32)
    • GPU: 8 RDNA 2 CUs, 1.6GHz (1.6TFlops FP32)
  • RAM: 16 GB LPDDR5 (6400 MT/s quad 32-bit channels)
  • Storage: 512 GB / 1 TB NVMe SSD + Expandable with high-speed MicroSD card
  • OS: SteamOS 3 (Arch-based)
  • Audio: Stereo speakers with embedded DSP + Dual microphone array
  • Sensor: Dual ambient light sensor
  • Battery: 50Wh with 45W PD3.0 charging via Type-C
  • Connectivity: Tri-band WiFi 6E, Bluetooth v5.3, 3.5mm headphone jack

Valve Steam Deck OLED Price in Nepal and Availability

In the US, it is set to ship on 16 November 2023 at USD 549 and USD 649 for the 512 GB and 1 TB variants, respectively. But Valve says this is a limited edition offering and will only be available in the USA and Canada. However, if it ever makes its way here, we expect the Valve Stem Deck OLED price in Nepal to be NPR 87,949 for the base variant.

Valve Steam Deck OLED Price in USA (Official) Price in Nepal (Expected)
512 GB USD 549 NPR 87,949
1 TB USD 649 NPR 103,949
  • Meanwhile, check out our AYANEO Pocket Air review

Microsoft Xbox Gaming Console Price in Nepal [Updated 2023]

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Console vs PC is a war that the gaming community will probably argue until the end of time. Both of them have their pros and cons. And it is really difficult to say which one is actually the better of the two. I prefer gaming on consoles rather than PCs. That’s mostly because it allows me to slouch on my couch and enjoy my favorite game. So, if you are like me, I mean if you love to play games on a console then here is a great opportunity for you.  We’ve compiled a list elaborating on the specifications, and the price of Microsoft Xbox currently available in Nepal, so be sure to go through them.

Microsoft Xbox S

The Xbox One S is one of the smallest gaming consoles out there. It is lightweight at just 1.92kg. Despite its size, it is capable of providing some impressive gaming power such as 120fps, 3D sound, DirectX ray tracing, and HDR with AMD FreeSync. Running the things on the core are Custom Zen 2 CPU and Custom RDNA 2 GPU. It is accompanied by 10GB GDRR6 RAM and 512GB Custom NVME SSD storage.

Xbox Series S Design

Specifications:

  • CPU: 8-core Custom Zen 2 CPU @ 3.4GHz
  • GPU: AMD custom GPU @ 1.565GHz, 4 TFLOPS
  • Weight: 1.92 kg
  • Memory: 10GB GDDR6
  • Memory bandwidth: 224GB/s
  • Storage: 512GB NVME SSD
  • I/O: USB 3.1 Gen 1 x 3, HDMI 2.1 x 1
  • Communication: Ethernet 802.3 10/100/1000, WiFi 802.11ac dual-band

Currently, the price of the Microsoft Xbox Series S is NPR 45,000 in Nepal.

Microsoft Xbox Series X

The Xbox Series X is the most powerful console from Microsoft. Powered by a Custom Zen 2 CPU and 12 TeraFlops GPU, this console bears serious gaming capabilities like hardware-accelerated DirectX Raytracing, 120fps, 8K HDR, and true 4K resolution gaming. Keeping the thermals in check is Xbox Parallel Cooling Architecture with three airflow channels and a Vapor Chamber.

xbox series X price availability

Specifications:

  • CPU: 8-core AMD Zen 2 custom CPU @3.8GHz
  • GPU: AMD custom GPU @1.825 GHz, 52 CUs, 12 TFLOPS
  • Weight: 4.4Kg
  • Memory: 16GB GDDR6
  • Memory bandwidth: 560GB/s, 336GB/s
  • Storage: 1TB Custom NVME SSD
  • I/O: USB 3.1 Gen 1 x 3, HDMI 2.1 x 1
  • Communication: Ethernet 802.3 10/100/1000, WiFi 802.11ac dual-band

Talking about the price, the Microsoft Xbox Series X costs NPR 74,000 in Nepal.

Xbox Elite Wireless Controller Series 2

A pro gamer needs a worthy controller to complement their skills and the Xbox Elite Wireless Controller Series 2 is exactly that. This is the same device that bagged the Best of E3 2019 – Hardware/Peripheral award and it offers up to 40 hours of battery life. The best part about this controller is the abundant customization options that it offers.

Xbox Elite Wireless Controller Series 2

Besides the standard Xbox controller buttons, this one contains exchangeable analog sticks and D-pad buttons. Moreover, those buttons can be simply popped out and replaced with those that come along with the controller.

Specifications and Features:

  • System Requirements: Xbox One system or PCs running Windows 7 or later
  • Audio: 3.5mm headphone jack
  • Weight: 345g
  • Battery: 40hrs (approx.) with a full charge
  • Features:  Haptic feedback, adjustable thumbstick tension, assignable buttons

The best Xbox controller does not come cheap. It is priced at around $179 and its price in Nepal is Rs. 25,000. The premium cost for a premium controller.

Which one to buy – Series X or Series S? 

Going by the specs, the Xbox Series X is certainly better than the Xbox Series S. With more power, the Series X will provide you with a better gaming experience.  While the latter one is also a preferable option if your budget is tight. Unless you’re concerned about the full-fledged 4K experience, I would suggest you go for the Xbox Series S. But hey if you have the required money and are not willing to compromise on the graphic settings, then who am I to complain?

Microsoft Xbox Gaming Console Price in Nepal [2023] 

To be clear, these Xbox devices are not yet officially available in Nepal. As a result, they are only available in selected retail stores and online stores like Allure International for now.

Microsoft Gaming Console Models Price in Nepal
Xbox Series S (512GB) NPR 45,000
Xbox Series X (1TB) NPR 74,000

  • Meanwhile, you can check our Apple Watch Ultra 2 Vs Series 9 Review.

Google’s AI revolution in ad creation: Performance Max AI features

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In a strategic move to change the dynamics of ad creation. Google introduces AI tools to its Performance Max campaign, integrating advertisers with exceptional capabilities to create engaging advertisements. This transformative offering allows advertisers, whether from agencies or businesses, to iteratively craft dynamic and engaging content by leveraging text prompts. In this article, we will learn more about the latest AI features in Google’s Ads

Google Ads Performance Max: AI Features

What is Performance Max?

Firstly, let’s understand what Google Ads Performance Max is. Google Performance Max is like a one-stop shop for advertising. You pay Google to show your ads on all their platforms, not just one. It uses Google’s algorithms and AI to show your ads to the right people at the right time, helping you get the most from your advertising budget.

Integrated into Google’s Performance Max ad campaign product, the AI “ad creator” unfolds its prowess across various Google platforms like YouTube, Maps, Search, Discover, etc. From enhancing search results to optimizing shopping experiences, the tool promises a comprehensive and integrated advertising solution. 

A highlight of this innovation is the upcoming ‘Image Editing Solution’ drawing inspiration from the renowned Pixel 8’s Magic Editor. This AI feature promises to elevate visual creativity to unprecedented levels, providing those using Google Ads with a myriad of options for captivating content.

Google AI in ad creation

 A notable addition is the beta feature empowering advertisers with the swift creation and scaling of text and image assets. Additionally, it is positioned within Performance Max, this feature streamlines the typically complex process of building cross-channel campaigns, promising efficiency and agility.

Also Read:

Google AI: Tailored Creative Control for Retailers

For retailers utilizing Merchant Center Next, these AI generative tools usher in a new era of creative control. Offering a custom approach to content creation, this feature allows businesses to align their advertising strategy with their unique brand identity. 

SynthID: Marking Authenticity in AI-Generated Content

SynthID, a watermark introduced by Google, plays a pivotal role in preserving the authenticity of AI-generated content. This feature ensures transparency, assuring both advertisers and consumers of the genuine nature of the creative assets. 

Asset Variety

In the realm of Performance Max campaigns, asset variety is paramount. To add to that,  Google’s AI simplifies and accelerates the creation of diverse assets, amplifying the potential for campaign success across a spectrum of platforms and advertising channels. 

User-Friendly Google AI Interaction

This innovative suite ensures a user-friendly experience for advertisers. Additionally, users feed prompts to AI and review assets effortlessly before final publication, thus streamlining the creative process with efficiency and ease.

Google Ads and AI: Conclusion

Currently, in beta in the United States, users eagerly anticipate the global rollout of these revolutionary AI tools. Meanwhile, these tools are expected to redefine the ad creation landscape globally by the close of 2023. Moreover,  the integration of these features signifies a significant leap forward in the realm of digital advertising, marking a new era of creativity and efficiency for advertisers worldwide.

Meanwhile, watch our review of Apple Watch Ultra 2 Vs Series 9:

Xbox Series S Price in Nepal [Updated]

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The Xbox Series S is the smallest and sleekest Xbox Console. Despite being small, it packs the power of an Octa-core custom Zen 2 CPU from AMD’s power. Let’s check out all the specs, features, availability, and price in Nepal of the Xbox Series S.

Microsoft Xbox Series S Overview:

Design

The Xbox Series S boasts an all-white body with a circular black grill, kinda resembling a vintage speaker. One can also notice tiny openings covering the top of the Xbox. On the side, there is a Type-A USB Port alongside a circular port/opening. There is no optical drive on this console, so the Series S is an all-digital console. It is 60% smaller than the Xbox Series X.

Xbox Series S Design

Features

Xbox Series S features a custom 512GB NVMe SSD powered by Xbox Velocity Architecture. It is powered by a Custom Zen 2 CPU from AMD with 8X cores at 3.6GHz. On the GPU side, the Custom RDNA 2 GPU features 4 TFLOPS and 20 CUs at 1.565GHz.

One of the most riveting features of the Xbox Series X was Microsoft’s new “DirectStorage” API which utilized the operating speeds of the NVMe drive for massively reduced latency in loading up new games or resuming the old save states; therefore giving birth to feature like “Quick Resume”. And to see that come with a $299 console is exciting, to say the least.

Microsoft Xbox Series S features key

Users can play over 100 different high-end games. Microsoft claims their smallest Xbox can achieve up to 120fps at 1440p. Other features include variable refresh rate, variable rate shading, 4K streaming media playback, and 4K upscaling.

Microsoft Xbox Series S Price in Nepal and Availability

The official Microsoft Xbox Series S price in Nepal is NPR 45,000. You can buy it from Allure International.

Microsoft Console  Price in Nepal
Xbox Series S NPR 45,000
  • Meanwhile, you can check our iPhone 15 review.

Xbox Series X Price in Nepal [Updated]

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The Xbox Series X is the most powerful console from Microsoft in the market. Powered by a custom AMD Zen 2 CPU, this guy is ready for 120fps gaming. Without further ado, let’s get into the specs, features, and official price of the Xbox Series X in Nepal.

Xbox Series X Overview:

Most Powerful in the Line

The Xbox Series X is a beast console from Microsoft, thanks to the custom-designed processor. The processor in the console is based on the Zen 2 and RDNA 2 architecture. AMD’s architecture has made the console four times as powerful as the Xbox One. Developers can even leverage 12 TeraFlops of GPU performance which makes it twice as powerful as Xbox One X and eight times as powerful as the Xbox One.

Memory-wise, you get 16GB GDDR6 RAM accompanied by a 1TB SSD.

Hardware-accelerated DirectX Raytracing

Microsoft the Series X is the first console to come with hardware-accelerated DirectX Raytracing. It contributes to rich dynamics and true-to-life game environments.

Xbox Series X features

More Playing and Less waiting

Series X is faster as Microsoft doesn’t want you to wait to play. It comes with Microsoft’s latest SSD technology. That’s not all – the Series X comes with optimized Quick Response, Dynamic Latency Input (DLI), Auto Low Latency Mode (ALLM), and Variable Refresh Rate up to 120fps.

Design and Ports

As for the design, the Xbox Series X sports a monolithic design alongside a parallel cooling architecture. To keep the thermals in check, you get a vapor chamber cooling with a vertical airflow system. Likewise, the I/O options include 1x HDMI 2.1 port, 3x USB 3.1 Gen 1 ports, dual-band WiFi 5, ethernet port, and dual-band Xbox Wireless radio.

Xbox Series X Price in Nepal and Availability

The Xbox Series X price in Nepal is set at NPR 74,000. You can purchase the console from Allure International.

Console  Price in Nepal
Xbox Series X NPR 74,000

  • Meanwhile, you can check our Pixel 8 review.

Tecno Pova 5 launched in Nepal with Helio G99, 6000mAh battery

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Tecno is a brand that is popular for its affordable midrange phones, especially in Africa and South Asia. And the Chinese brand has launched the Pova 5 smartphone in Nepal with a gaming vibe design and Helio G99 chipset. So, let’s get into the specs, features, and official price of the Tecno Pova 5 in Nepal.

Tecno Pova 5 Overview:

Performance

Tecno Pova 5 is powered by MediaTek’s 6nm Helio G99 processor and 8GB of RAM. The most interesting feature is its large heat dissipation area, including a vapor chamber and graphene heat sink. Such features keep the phone cool during extended usage. Thus, it is sure to deliver impressive performance for multitasking and gaming at a pretty budget price.

Tecno Pova 5 Cooling

Design and Display

The Pova 5 surprisingly comes with a futuristic design called Turbo Mecha, inspired by the giant robot mecha seen in sci-fi movies.

Tecno Pova 5 Design and Display

In terms of display, the Pova 5 has a 6.78-inch IPS LCD display with a high 120Hz refresh rate and a 240Hz touch sampling rate. The device includes a Z-axis linear vibration motor, offering enhanced haptic feedback. Moreover, it also offers dual speakers with DTS Sound, providing an immersive audio experience.

  • Meanwhile, check all the prices and specs of Tecno smartphones here

Camera

In terms of camera, it has a 50MP primary camera along with a depth sensor on the back. On the front, there is an 8MP selfie camera for self-portraits.

Battery

One of the key highlights of Pova 5 is its 6,000mAh battery that supports 45W fast charging. The phone can reach 50% battery capacity in just 21 minutes and be fully charged within 60 minutes. Additionally, the Pova 5 can even be used to charge other devices through reverse charging via cable, providing up to 10W of power.

Tecno Pova 5 Specifications:

  • Display: 6.78-inches FHD+ IPS LCD, 120Hz refresh rate
  • Resolution: FHD+ (1080 x 2460 pixels)
  • Chipset: MediaTek Helio G99 (6nm mobile platform)
  • Memory: 8/128GB
  • Software & UIHiOS on top of Android 13
  • Rear Camera: 50MP primary, AI camera
  • Front Camera: 8MP with dual-flash
  • Security: Fingerprint sensor (side-mounted)
  • Audio: 3.5mm headphone jack
  • Battery: 6000mAh with 45W charging
  • Read our full review of the Tecno Pova 5 here.

Tecno Pova 5 Price in Nepal and Availability

The official Tecno Pova 5 price in Nepal is NPR 20,990 for the 8/128GB version. You can purchase the smartphone from Hukut and other authorized stores in Nepal.

Tecno Pova 5 Price in Nepal (Official)
8/128GB NPR 20,990

Now iPhones will be assembled by Tata Group in India

The text reading “Designed by Apple in California  Assembled in China” on the back of an iPhone is pretty common knowledge at this point. But, did you know that India has been assembling iPhones as well since the iPhone SE? And, did you know that a Tata Group subsidiary will now be doing the iPhone assembly? Let’s discuss more!

Tata Electronics to make iPhones in India:

iPhone Assembly Shenanigans

In the recent decade, China has been a manufacturing hub of the world. They manufacture a wide range of products from the cheap stuff that you regret buying on the Internet. To the high-quality goodies such as the iPhone itself. So, why China? Well, because they have raw materials and labour in abundance at a very low cost. Thus, manufacturing goods in China has been the way to go for many companies. And Apple was no different. Therefore, Apple outsourced companies such as Foxconn, Pegatron, and Wistron for its manufacturing duties.

China Labour

These companies were based in China, however, with the rise of India on the global scene, these companies established their plants in India as well. The “Made in India” campaign of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi helped further propel this growth. All this resulted in the beloved iPhones being assembled in India as well, albeit by foreign companies. As of now, Apple plans to shift 25% of its iPhone production to India by 2025. This is because they want to diversify their supply chain, especially, after the hindrances it faced during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tata enters the chat

As mentioned earlier, iPhones were assembled in India, but not through an Indian-born company. However, all that has changed now!

Tata Group has finally acquired the Indian division of Wistron’s iPhone assembly line for a whopping $125 million with a $550 million inter-corporate loan to parent company Wistron India.

iPhone made in India

Yes! That’s quite a hefty sum, but no big deal for Tata Group — India’s largest business conglomerate. To put things into perspective, Tata Group made USD 150 billion in revenue in the fiscal year 2022–23 alone! Moreover, they employ over a million individuals and have 29 publicly listed enterprises with USD 300 billion market capitalisation.

The assembly of iPhones will fall under the Tata Electronics wing of Tata Group. The $125 million deal includes a 44-acre Wistron facility with eight production lines in Kolar district near Bengaluru that handled assembly of iPhone 12 and iPhone 14 devices.

Ming-Chi Kuo, an APPLE analyst, also suggests that Tata Electronics, along with Foxconn and Pegatron will start the manufacturing process of the iPhone 17 (due a 2025 launch) as soon as in the second half of 2024.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this marks a historical moment for India altogether. It is an instance where an iPhone is fully assembled in India BY an Indian company. Furthermore, this could also turn out to be free marketing for the fifth-largest economy in the world. Since, the trendsetter Apple entrusts an Indian company with the assembly of its best-selling device, other big companies may also turn their heads to India.

Given the gravitas of the whole situation, Mr Rajeev Chandrasekhar — India’s Union Minister of State for Entrepreneurship, Skill Development, Electronics & Technology — took some time to express his excitement on X.

  • Meanwhile, check out our full review of the iPhone 15

Samsung is launching an “affordable” foldable next year

As Samsung gears up for the debut of the Galaxy Z Fold 6, rumors of a more wallet-friendly foldable phone are making waves. Potentially launching next year, this mid-range phone aims to redefine accessibility in the world of foldable technology. This article will discuss rumors surrounding Samsung’s upcoming cheap foldable including pricing, and availability.

Samsung’s Cheap Foldable: Rumors Roundup

In a world where premium features often come at a premium cost, rumors suggest that Samsung is gearing up for a significant change. The company is reportedly considering a more affordable version of its foldable phone, possibly under the Galaxy Z Fold/Flip line. However, some online reports have even  Meanwhile, speculators consider this move strategic as it allows Samsung to tap into the mid-range market with a foldable smartphone.

Foldables are getting cheaper to make…

Historically, foldable phones have carried high production costs, as seen in the hefty price tags of current models like the Galaxy Z Fold 5 and Z Flip 5. However, a shift might be on the horizon, a recent interview with a Samsung executive suggests that the company is decreasing the cost of making foldable devices. Moreover, this could pave the way for a new era where foldable smartphones become more commonplace.Samsung foldable

What to Expect in 2024

The details surrounding the mid-range foldable Galaxy phone remain a mystery. However,  Samsung enthusiasts have more than one reason to be excited about 2024. Beyond the budget-friendly foldable, there are rumors of the return of the Exynos SoC for the Galaxy S series. In addition, a possible late 2024 release for the XR headset. Moreover, the integration of the new Samsung Gauss in the upcoming Galaxy S24 is also exciting. As these speculations gain momentum, 2024 is shaping up to be a pivotal year for Samsung. Only time will reveal the extent to which these rumors will shape the future of Samsung’s coming lineup.

Samsung’s Cheap Foldable: Availability and Pricing

According to industry analysts, this budget-friendly Samsung foldable could hit the market in 2024. While the exact specifications are yet to be unveiled, speculators suggest that the price tag could hover around $400 to $500. This pricing strategy aims to make this technology accessible to a broader audience. However, rumor has it that the budget phone in the works might just be the Samsung Galaxy Z FE. Keep an eye out for more leaks

  • Meanwhile, watch our review of the Apple Watch Ultra 2 Vs Series 9:

NASA discovers the “oldest black hole” ever

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The observable universe, spanning 93 billion light years, houses an estimated 40 quintillion black holes. These enigmatic entities have intrigued us for decades. And recently, astronomers at NASA have discovered the oldest and most distant black hole. In this article, let’s dive into the formation and history of black holes including the implications of new discoveries like this one.

The Oldest Black Hole: Overview

Using two of NASA’s Chandra-X and Webb Telescopes, astronomers were able to find the oldest Black Hole ever formed. With the help of these space eyes, researchers were able to find the spot of an emerging black hole that formed 450 million years after the Big Bang, roughly 13.4 Billion years ago. Before understanding the methods, let’s understand what a black hole means.

Enigma of a Black Hole

A Black Hole is any region in space, where the gravity is so strong, that nothing including light can escape. However, the black hole isn’t as empty spaces as the name might suggest, but rather a region packed up with a large amount of matter in a very small area. Imagine, a pickle jar that could take all the matter from a mountain-sized pickle and compact it down to fit into this small container. Thus, by creating a jar so dense and massive that it distorts space and time, just like a real black hole. But instead of pickles, they are these big stars that weigh 20 times more than the mass of the sun.

How do they form?

Black Hole

Very massive stars die and form black holes. When a massive star (tens of solar masses) reaches the end of its life, it becomes unstable, collapses, and sheds its outer layers. The matter falling from all sides compresses the star, reducing its volume to zero and increasing its density to infinity.

Structure of Black Hole

A black hole comprises a singularity at its core, where as mentioned above the density reaches infinity and volume becomes zero. Surrounding this, the event horizon marks a boundary beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape the black hole’s gravitational pull. The ergosphere, outside the event horizon, enforces the rotation of spacetime in tandem with the black hole’s spin.

Black Hole structure

Beyond the event horizon lies the photon sphere, where photons can theoretically orbit the black hole. Additionally, in many black hole systems, an accretion disk forms—a rotating disk of matter spiraling into the black hole, emitting various forms of radiation due to intense gravitational forces. This structural composition defines the intriguing and complex nature of black holes.

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History of Black Holes

“Black Hole” in itself is a relatively new term coined by physicist John Wheeler in 1969. However, the original proposed theory dates back to Karl Schwartzchild.In 1916, Schwarzschild, using Einstein’s general theory of relativity, inferred that any object in the universe could become a black hole if compressed tightly enough. Later, in 1971, astronomers studying the constellations considered the theory scientific as they discovered the first-ever black hole.

Theory of General Relativity and Einstein’s Contribution 

General Theory of Relativity

Albert Einstein’s geometric theory of gravitation was published in 1915 namely the theory of general relativity. Within this framework, Einstein proposed that massive objects, like stars, possess the ability to warp the fabric of spacetime around them, creating a gravitational field. His equations not only predicted the gravitational collapse of massive stars but also foretold the formation of singularities—points of infinite density—within black holes. Additionally, Einstein’s theory predicted the existence of an event horizon, a boundary signifying the point of no return ensured by a black hole’s gravitational pull.

Gravitational Lensing

Einstein’s visionary insights didn’t stop at black holes; they extended to the concept of gravitational lensing. The gravitational field of massive objects acts as a cosmic lens, bending and distorting the light from objects situated behind them. In accordance, this theory was empirically confirmed during a solar eclipse in 1919. Gravitational lensing enables astronomers to study distant celestial objects. It also provides additional evidence of the gravitational warping of spacetime, which became an essential tool for studying black Hole

Hypothesis or a scientific theory?

In 2015, a century after the inception of general relativity, scientists validated Einstein’s predictions by detecting gravitational waves—ripples in spacetime—emanating from the collision of two black holes. This observation, performed by the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory), marked a groundbreaking confirmation of black holes as outlined by his equations.

So.. how did they spot the “Oldest Black Hole Ever”?

Gravitaional Lensing

Gravitational Lensing played a key instrument as it boosted the amount of light that could be detected. Researchers used gravitational lensing to detect black holes by leveraging the magnifying effect of galactic clusters. These clusters, acting like natural magnifying glasses, warp and amplify the light from distant galaxies in the background. This gravitational lensing phenomenon enables scientists to observe and study otherwise invisible celestial features, including various types of black holes.

Where did they find it?

Astronomers, using the Webb telescope, identified a black hole in the galaxy UHZ1. Initially appearing in the same direction as the Abell 2744 galaxy cluster, located about 3.5 billion light-years away, further data revealed that UHZ1 is significantly more distant. Moreover, it was found to be situated beyond the cluster at a distance of 13.2 billion light-years from Earth.

The Oldest Black Hole: Conclusion

The discoveries of ancient black holes significantly contribute to our understanding of the universe’s evolution. Identifying and studying these primordial entities offers important insights into the early stages of the universe. Not only that, through the help of these telescopes, we could potentially unravel the mysteries of the universe. Such as the origin of the universe, causality, infinite regression, or be it the first cause problem. In addition, these question also fundamentally pertains to our philosophical and existential burdens.

Moreover, these discoveries highlight the active role of black holes in cosmic structure formation. In addition, it also gives clues about how evolution persists on a cosmic scale  —a period marking the universe’s transition from an opaque state to a transparent yet chaotic one.

You can also watch our review of the Apple Watch Ultra 2 Vs Series 9:

Vivo Y36 Review: Beautiful Design, Decent Cameras under Rs. 30,000

Hello everyone! In this review, we will be taking a closer look at the Vivo Y36, a smartphone that I feel is the dopple ganger of the Y35 (introduced a couple of months ago). The Vivo Y series is known for its budget and mid-range offerings, a fine balance between features and affordability. My goal here is to help you determine whether the Vivo Y36 justifies its price tag.

First, let’s take a quick look at its specs.

Vivo Y36 Review: Specifications

  • Dimension: 164.1 x 76.2 x 8.1 mm, 202 g
  • Display: 6.64 inches, IPS LCD, 90Hz refresh rate, 650 nits peak brightness
  • Resolution: FHD+ (1080 x 2388 pixels), 395 PPI
  • Chipset: Qualcomm SM6225 Snapdragon 680 (6 nm), 8 CPU cores + Adreno 610
  • Memory: 8GB RAM (+8GB virtual) & 128GB/256GB storage (expandable via microSD)
  • Operating System: Funtouch 13 based on Android 13
  • SIM: Dual SIM (Nano-SIM, dual stand-by)
  • Back Camera: Dual:
    – 50 MP, f/1.8 wide, PDAF
    – 2 MP, f/2.4 depth
  • Front Camera: 16MP front camera with f/2.5 aperture
  • Audio: Mono speaker, Built-in microphones, 3.5mm jack
  • Security: Side-mounted fingerprint sensor
  • Connectivity: Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, Bluetooth 5.1, GPS, BeiDou, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS
  • IP rating: Splash and dust resistance (IP5X, IPX4)
  • Battery: Li-PO 5000 mAh, 44W fast-charging, 30% in 15 min
  • Colors: Meteor Black and Vibrant Gold
  • What’s in the box: Y36, paper works, USB cable, USB power adapter, SIM eject tool, phone case, protective film
  • Price in Nepal: Rs. 28,999 (8GB+256GB)
  • Buy Vivo Y36 here

Vivo Y36 Review:

Design

  • 164.1 x 76.2 x 8.1 mm, 202 gm
  • Glass front, plastic back, plastic frame
  • IP5X and IPX4 dust and splash resistance

While it may not be the thinnest smartphone I have used, I appreciate its hands-on feel. Design-wise, I loved the back of the Y36. This Meteor Black variant has a Crystal Glass design with shimmers and a checkered pattern on the back. The squarish camera module is not too bulky either. To put it simply, the Vivo Y36 exudes a simple yet stylish vibe.

Vivo Y36 design

And if you’re looking for something more eye-catching, there is always the Vibrant Gold model. The camera island on that even has a reflective accent that gives off rainbow colors.

That being said what’s great about the Midnight Black is its resistance to smudges. Neither the back nor the frame attract fingerprints very easily.

Taking a look at the front, there is the Flourite AG glass with a punch hole up top for a selfie shooter.

Surprisingly, the phone is not as heavy as it looks, weighing in at 202 grams. Plus, the bezels are slim, except for the bottom one-of course. On the left side, it is nice and clean. But on the right side are the volume rockers and the power button (which also doubles as a fingerprint sensor). These buttons are well-made and don’t feel cheap. And, the handset comes with an IP5X and IPX4, which is always nice to have.

No complaints on the design side.

Display

  • 6.64-inch FHD+ IPS panel
  • 90Hz refresh rate, 650 nits peak brightness
  • No gorilla Glass for protection

The Vivo Y36 brings a 6.64-inch FHD+ IPS display, which is larger than its predecessor. The maximum screen brightness is decent, but it could be improved for better visibility in direct sunlight; i.e, it can be a bit challenging to use the Y36 outdoors.Vivo Y36 display

Now, it does come with a 90Hz refresh rate, but I did not feel the “90Hz” worthy smoothness when navigating. This could be due to the phone’s processor being under-optimized or some other reason. You can choose between 60 Hz and 90 Hz and the auto-refresh rate seems to be working well.

On the downside, Vivo Y36 lacks HDR10+ certification, and for streaming services like Netflix, you’re limited to Widevine L1. While the color quality of the display is good, I feel contrast is something to work on.

Performance

  • Octa-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 680 4G SoC (6nm)
  • 8 RAM, 128/256GB storage (expandable)
  • Android 13 with Vivo’s Funtouch OS 13 on top
  • 2 years of OS, 3 years of security updates

In terms of overall performance, it’s not exactly mind-blowing, especially considering its price point. Most apps work okay, but the lags can be a real mood killer. For your everyday tasks, this device should handle things decently. Whether it’s video calls, social media browsing, photo editing, document writing, watching your content on YouTube or Netflix, or even just listening to music, it handles them all reasonably well.

Vivo Y36 Antutu score

When it comes to gaming, it is considerable enough. I put it to the test with games like PUBG MOBILE, Asphalt 9, and Genshin Impact. It delivered a respectable performance, but I wouldn’t say I was blown away. Most games like  PUBGM, Genshin Impact, and Asphalt 9 are limited to 30 fps. So, if you’re hoping for higher frame rates, Vivo’s Y36 might not deliver in that front.

In terms of actual performance,  I noticed an average of around 29.69 fps on PUBG and 28.887 on Asphalt 9: Legends. Genshin Impact, on the other hand, wasn’t as smooth, with an underwhelming 19.631fps.

The Vivo Y36 comes with Android 13-based Funtouch OS 13 which is definitely NOT the cleanest Android skin I’ve ever seen. There are adverts here and there and the handset comes pre-installed with (mostly useless) apps.  In terms of software support, Vivo promises to deliver two major OS updates, and you’ll also get security updates for a solid three years.

Camera

  • Dual camera setup
  • 50 MP, f/1.8, (wide), PDAF
  • 2 MP, f/2.4, (depth)

Although Vivo is renowned for its camera capabilities, I must admit I’m not entirely satisfied this time.

Vivo Y36 camera module

Daylight images

In daylight conditions, the Vivo Y36 performs pretty inconsistently. While it occasionally produces overprocessed images with blurred details and white balance issues, there are moments when it delivers good-quality pictures. In direct sunlight, glare can be noticeable though, impacting the overall quality of your shot.

On a positive note, the camera does allow for 2x shots, even without a dedicated telephoto lens. Upon testing this feature, surprisingly the captured images maintain clarity and have enough detail to be considered usable. For close-up shots, I recommend making use of this 2x feature.

Lowlight Images

With ‘Night’ mode turned off, low-light photos are often subpar in terms of quality. Nevertheless, the images don’t look half bad with the mode enabled.

Portraits

The reproduction of human skin tone in portrait photos is generally quite accurate, with natural-looking results. However, the edge detection can be inconsistent, it’s a hit or a miss. The overall quality is decent enough.

Selfies

The Vivo Y36’s 16-megapixel front camera takes good selfies during the day. Regular selfies turn out quite well, with a decent level of sharpness but the skin tone may appear slightly pinkish or reddish.

When it comes to selfie portraits, there’s a noticeable issue with overexposure, where the brightness levels are excessive.

Videos

The Vivo Y36 offers video recording options at 1080p 30fps or 720p at 30fps or 60fps, providing flexibility for different scenarios. The video quality is decent, and the stabilization works well. However, there is room for improvement in dynamic range, contrast, and sharpness.

When it comes to slow-motion video, it’s not the phone’s strong point. Capturing slow-motion footage may result in reduced details and lower video quality.

Battery

  • 5000 mAh battery, 44W FlashCharge

The Vivo Y36 comes equipped with a 5,000mAh battery, which is pretty much the standard for smartphones these days, and it is paired with Vivo’s 44W FlashCharge technology. Vivo Y36 charging

Charging this phone is pretty efficient. I plugged it in when it was at 50%, and it took me about 42 minutes to get it from half-full to fully charged. If you’re starting from 0%, it’ll take around an hour and 10 minutes to reach a full charge.

In terms of daily use, this phone does a decent job. It can easily last a full day and a half on a single charge (normal usage), which makes it quite handy for those of us who are always on the move.

Vivo Y36 Review: Conclusion

Well, this guy isn’t exactly winning in its price range. It can handle everyday tasks just fine, but when asked to take on heavier stuff, it lags behind. Gaming performance? Not its strong suit either. Besides, there is some tough competition in this price level from other handsets like the Samsung Galaxy A24 4G, Redmi Note 12 5G, Realme 10, and more.

But if you’re a fan of the design and want decent cameras under 30,000 rupees, I can totally see this being someone’s pick. That shimmery back is quite the looker and daylight shots and portraits are good enough for a budget-midrange phone. Moreover, the battery holds its own, and the overall user experience isn’t terrible either.

Vivo Y36 Review: Pros and Cons

Pros

  • Pretty good design
  • Decent Camera
  • Long battery life and fast charging support

Cons

  • Weak Processor
  • Optimization issues